Review of Case Study Methodology

Review of Case Study Methodology In the social sciences, a detailed analysis (or case study report) is a distinct, exploratory or illustrative dissection of an individual, assembly or occasion. An informative research endeavor is utilized to investigate causation so as to discover underlying standards. Careful investigations may be probable (in which criteria are created and cases appropriate the principles are incorporated as one get accessible) or review (in which criteria are made for selecting cases from chronicled records for consideration in the study).the research endeavor methodology displayed is an observational analysis that explores a contemporary issue inside its genuine connection. Comprehending the issue and its answer obliges incorporating a heap of commonly subordinate variables or bits of proof that are liable to be assembled in any event incompletely by particular perception. In spite of the fact that a normal meaning of careful investigations exists, one may experience different sorts of detailed analyses. Keeping in mind the end goal to make clear to which sort of careful investigation the presented strategies for learning reconciliation ought to be connected, we will quickly portray distinctive sorts of research endeavors. A definite survey of research endeavors is given by Yin (1989). A critical refinement must be made between all-encompassing and implanted detailed analyses (Yin, 1994:291). A comprehensive careful investigation is formed by a completely qualitative approach that depends on account, phenomenological depictions. Subjects and speculations may be imperative however ought to remain subordinate. This paper focuses on the instrumental case research methodinvolving ADHD and management of the obesity. The instrumental case research method looks at a particular situation with the aim of understanding the situation. As a research method, instrumental research focuses on providing insight into issues or help to redefine a theory. According to Yin(1994: 285), it offers secondary interest that plays a supportive role The case is of auxiliary investment; it assumes a steady part, encouraging our comprehension of something else. The case is frequently taken a gander at in profundity; its connections examined, its normal exercises definite, what’s more on the grounds that it helps the analyst seek after the outer investment(Bennett and Elman, 2006: 250). The case might be seen as commonplace of different cases. The capacity to take a gander at sub-units that are arranged inside a bigger case is effective when you consider that information might be investigated inside the subunits independently (inside case dissection), between the distinctive subunits (between case investigation), alternately over the sum of the subunits (cross-case investigation) (Chetty, 1996:73). The capacity to participate in such rich investigation just serves to better enlighten the case. The entanglement that learner analysts fall into is that one break down at the singular subunit level and neglect to come back to the worldwide issue that one at first set out to address (Yin, 2003). As a review of the instrumental case study method, the paper focuses on the Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder and the Clinical Management of obesity (Pagoto Curtin et al 2012: 83) The study adopted the following abstract: ‘Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been associated with increased risk for obesity and obesity treatment failure. The present paper discusses how features of ADHD, including inattention, reward sensitivity and impulsivity, may impact obesity risk and have implications for the management of obesity. In addition, we review emerging research on how obesity may contribute to brain changes that are associated with ADHD-like symptoms. Finally, suggestions for improving the clinical management of obesity in patients with ADHD are discussed, including pharmacological treatment, exercise and cognitive behavior therapy. ADHD is a barrier to the clinical management of obesity and more research is needed to further understand the link between ADHD and obesity. Effective treatment approaches are needed given the significant difficulty patients with ADHD encounter in their attempts to regulate their weight in the contestof obesogenic environments.’(Pagoto Curtin et a l 2012: 83) The research offers a summary of the effects of ADHD on the management of obesity. The research seeks to identify the management of the weight and food habits of the patients. The barrier of the management of the obesity is a fertile ground for further studies. The research question of the study is: Do Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder raise the risks on the management of obesity thus increasing the risk of obesity? The research methods embraced in the study incorporate the utilization of medicinal records which incorporate a dissection. The agenda of mediation typologies which distinguishes the later rules with respect to administration of corpulence in ADHD children. A rundown of essential intercession is recognized in the careful investigation zone that accommodated the concurred foundation. The information on the distinguished intercession is gathered through work area based research and meetings of the stakeholders in the industry. The intercession dada from both meetings and work area based data and a snowballing procedure are utilized to populate the mediation system that backings the dissection and guaranteed the consistency of data gathered in the careful investigation. The findings of the study incorporate the danger variable of ADHD for both heftiness and stoutness medication disappointment. The study found that obliviousness, reward affectability and impulsivity are characteristics of ADHD that help of indulging consuming pathology, poor adherence to structures endeavors to get more fit and expanded powerlessness to obesogenic situations. Clinical intercessions are offered where the clinician is relied upon to note that the experience above normal trouble in association, observing toward oneself, arranging, and individuals with ADHD is higher. This makes the individuals endure poor observing in the safety of sustenance allurements and consistency. The normal, or common, case (above) is regularly not the wealthiest in data. In illuminating lines of account and connection it is more functional to select issues that offer an intriguing, uncommon or especially uncovering set of circumstances(Johansson, 2003). A case determination that is dependent upon representativeness will sometimes have the ability to transform these sorts of experiences. The point when selecting a subject for a research endeavor, specialists will subsequently utilize data arranged testing, instead of arbitrary examining. Outlier cases,which are amazing, degenerate or atypical, uncover more data than the conceivably illustrative case(Gruber and Wallace, 1999:115). Then again, a case may be chosen as a key case, picked due to the characteristic investment of the case or the circumstances encompassing it. Then again it may be picked as a result of scientists in-profundity nearby information; where analysts have this neighborhood learning one are in a position to douse and jab†, and along these lines to offer contemplated lines of demonstration dependent upon this rich information of setting and circumstances (Stake, 1978:8). Whatever the casing of reference for the decision of the subject of the careful investigation (key, outlier, nearby learning), there is a qualification to be made between the subjestorical solidarity through which the hypothetical center of the study is continuously seen. The item is that hypothetical center – the logical casing (Stake, 1978:8). Past choices about case choice and the subject and object of the study, choices requirement areto be made about reason, approach and process in the detailed analysis(Young, 1939). It is therefore proposes a typology for the careful investigation wherein reasons for existing are initially recognized (evaluative or exploratory), then methodologies are outlined (hypothesis testing, hypothesis building or illustrative), then methods are settled on, with a vital decision being between if the study is to be single or numerous, and decisions additionally about if the study is to be review, depiction or diachronic, and if it is settled, parall el or consecutive. It is consequently conceivable to take numerous courses through this typology, with, for instance, an exploratory, hypothesis building, different, settled study, or an evaluative, hypothesis testing, single, review study. The typology hence offers numerous stages for research endeavor structure(Yin, 1994:290). A nearly related study in drug is the situation report, which distinguishes a particular case as treated or inspected by the creators as exhibited in a novel structure. These are, to a differentiable degree, like the careful investigation in that numerous hold audits of the important written works of the subject talked about in the intensive examination of a cluster of cases distributed to fit the rule of the report being exhibited(Yin, 1989). These case reports could be considered satchel studies with a central exchange of the new, introduced case within reach that introduces a novel investment. Bibliography Bennett, A. and Elman, C. 2006. Complex causal relations and case study methods: the example of path dependence.Political Analysis, 14 (3), pp. 250267. Chetty, S. 1996. The case study method for research in small-and medium-sized firms.International small business journal, 15 (1), pp. 7385. Gruber, H. E. and Wallace, D. B. 1999. The case study method and evolving systems approach for understanding unique creative people at work.Handbook of creativity, 93 p. 115. Johansson, R. 2003. Case study methodology. Pagoto, S., Curtin, C., Appelhans, B. M. and Alonso-Alonso, M. 2012. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Clinical Management of Obesity.Current Obesity Reports, 1 (2), pp. 8086. Stake, R. E. 1978.The case study method in social inquiry.Educational researcher, pp. 58. Yin, R. K. 1992.The case study method as a tool for doing evaluation.Current Sociology, 40 (1), pp. 121137. Yin, R. K. 1994.Discovering the future of the case study method in evaluation research.Evaluation Practice, 15 (3), pp. 283290. Yin, R. K. 1989. Case Study Research: Design And Methods (Applied Social Research Methods) Author: Robert K. Yin, Publisher: Sage Publicat.Sage Publications, Inc. Young, P. V. 1939. The Case-Study Method.Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Education, not punishment Essay

People have always asked how one can discipline a child in an effective way. For discipline to be considered effective, it must have certain elements. One, an environment of learning that is positive and has good relationships and secondly, it must aim at strengthening positive behaviors and weakening the undesired ones. The most common discipline approach in doing away with undesired behaviors is what is called punishment and which involves using of negative stimulus to eliminate unwanted behaviors. One can punish in two ways; by inflicting physical pain and reprimanding verbally (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1998). Some have argued that punishment creates an environment of fear and anxiety and thus making learning process difficult, impacting negatively on the students’ performance (Human Rights Watch, 2010). Schools are the institutions where teachers have personal relationships with their students; knowing them personally and are likely to care so much for them than any one else other than their parents. Punishments from this point of view can be considered to be playing a major role in educating the students. When punishing these students, the teacher would be telling them in other words that, punishment can be imposed by anybody including the state and not by parents or loved ones only (Benator,2001). Some have claimed that corporal punishment equals physical abuse of the students but there is very insufficient evidence to conclude that. Though some teachers and some parents use physical punishment on children that does not allow people to generalize on the issue and rule out physical punishment completely. Some people have also argued that, physical punishment leads to degradation of students making them become ashamed of themselves. When talking about the element of shame; children have less capacity to be ashamed (Benator, 2001). Physical punishment has also been associated with some negative psychological effects, for example anxiety and fear. Although there is some evidence to prove this, they have not been able to prove that corporal or physical punishment that is not used frequently has the same effects. All what these researches claimed to have been done are not conclusive and are not based on experiments but reports given by people (Benator, 2001). One of the main reasons for objections to physical punishment and any other form of punishment is that it compromises the relationships between teachers and students and as a result, students will tend to fear their teachers. It has also been claimed that learning cannot take place in such an environment since students are being subjected to a kind of tyrannical authority where they have to accept the authority without questioning it (Benator, 2001). This is not the case; learning would be more effective since students are not allowed to challenge the views of the teachers and what they are taught. When they are beaten into accepting the authority of the teachers, it will be very unlikely for them to challenge their authority. Moreover it depends on what grounds a child is punished. If a student is punished wrongly, their relationship with the teacher will suffer serious consequences, but if one is punished for a genuine wrong doing, for example stealing or bullying, the punishment will be received positively for it will be sending a message that, whatever the student was doing was not right and thus a child will be able to distinguish between what is right and what is wrong (Benator, 2001). Despite all these arguments, critics have come out very strongly against punishment and they still maintain that, an environment full of fear and anxiety is not good for learning. So many researches have been done on the issue and it has emerged that, punishments actually inflict fear on students. They will develop fear of loosing their possessions which may be taken from them, fear of their privileges being withheld, fear for their safety among others. After being punished, some of them do not usually understand why they are being punished or how they wronged the authority. Sometimes these punishments send a message to children that, one is allowed to inflict pain on others (Kid’s Development Website, 2010). It doesn’t matter what kind of punishment one subjects a child to. The main message that it sends is that, when one breaks rules, he or she will have to put up with some unpleasant consequences. They do not teach the offenders why the rules are there and their significance and why they should follow them to the letter. Another short coming of punishments is that, they do not make the children learn how to be responsible or pay attention to what others feel or think (Kid’s Development Website, 2010). Sometimes, these punishments, even though they are aimed at the well being of the child, some are usually administered wrongly, losing their effectiveness. It has been discovered that some of them are usually used indiscriminately. Some verbal reprimands are usually used when the time is not appropriate and at the end of the day, they are used to slander the character of the offender instead of correcting, which is the main objective (American Academy for Pediatrics, 1998). Some punishments such as the physical ones range from severe ones, for example slapping, beating, and burning among others all which may amount to physical abuse. Physical punishment has always been considered to be ineffective especially when used more frequently. Some of them have also led to physical injury. These kinds of punishments are also said to increase agitation and aggressiveness among students. It has also been found that, the use of physical punishment affect the children even after reaching adult hood because they tend to develop into angry adults (American Academy for Pediatrics, 1998). Many people use punishments believing in the theory that young people must go through some kind of pain in order to be responsible. When punishments are used like this, they force submission but not commitment. In other words, they do the opposite of what they were intended for. Some people think that punishments do work since the bad behaviors tend to stop immediately one is subjected to punishment; this is not the case especially when the offender does not understand why he is being punished (Marvin Marshal, nd). Another thing that has proven that punishments do not work is that in so many schools, more punishments are being prescribed the moment they fail and as a result, the offender ends up not caring anymore after being through so many lectures, being thrown out of class all the time, sent away from school, suspended or expelled. Fear and anxiety produced by punishment do not have positive long term effects on the student. Threatening students with punishment will only make them to comply for a short time but only when the threat is present and this does not change the person in a positive way (Marvin Marshal, nd). Some of these threats on students in class are not relevant especially when they are outside the class with other students. Moreover, the punishments are not consistent in that, what one teacher considers as an offence, does not apply to the other teachers. Those feelings associated with punishment such as fear, are not helpful when it comes to the learning process. Sometimes, the student will do something to see how the teacher will react, a fact that discourages one to learn (Marvin Marshal, nd). In addition, they tend to make students learn what their teachers want, and a student will do exactly that in order to please them. Other students develop feelings of low self esteem. These punishments do not make any one learn how to modify their behaviors in that, the students will always focus on how to defend their behaviors when it comes to punishment and sometimes try to look for ways on how to cover their mistakes. The truth of the matter is that, the one who gets satisfied after punishment is the punisher and he or she mostly uses punishment to show his or her authority, not to discipline (Marvin Marshal, nd). Punishment also impacts negatively to the learning environment. It has been observed that, the states which still encourage corporal or physical punishment in their schools perform poorly academically compared to those which have banned them. Those students who have been subjected to those kinds of punishment have reported cases of anger and depression and as a result, they tend to withdraw themselves from school activities. These punishments make students to have difficulties in concentrating in class, making them perform poorly. It has also made them develop negative attitude towards school (Human Rights Watch, 2010). Sometimes, these punishments put parents and teachers in awkward positions whereby, they have to decide between the students well being and their advancement academically. Some teachers who find themselves in schools that encourage physical punishment sometimes hesitate to send misbehaving students out of class because they fear that they will be beaten up. Physical punishment does not only affect those who are punished but also those who are not. The moment these kinds of physical punishments are used in schools, they create a threatening atmosphere that affects all students negatively especially on their performances. Victims of these punishments will sometimes be violent and even disruptive and at the end, they will disturb the learning of other students, including heir own, making learning process difficult in the long run (Human rights watch, 2010). Spanking as a form of punishment is also known to affect intelligence as it reduces it. Fear and anxiety are known to slow the cognitive development of the child making the presence of neurons in the brain to be very few (Pytel, 2009). In conclusion, it has emerged that, even though punishment is aimed at righting the wrongs, sometimes, it is not the case and it may end up worsening the situation especially of the individuals facing the punitive measures. The fear and anxiety that is usually elicited by these punishments are not good for the learning process, irrespective of the kind of punishments that are used . So long as they produce these kinds of feelings then; they are not good for students. Teachers should be more concerned on educating the children, not punishing them. References American Academy of Pediatrics. (1998). Guidance for effective discipline. Retrieved from http://aappolicy. aappublications. org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;101/4/723 Benator, D. (2001). Corporal punishment. Retrieved from http://www. corpun. com/benatar. htm Human Rights Watch. (2010). Corporal punishment in schools and its effects on academic success. Retrieved from http://www. hrw. org/en/news/2010/04/14/corporal-punishment-schools-and-its-effect-academic-success-joint-hrwaclu-statement Kids Development Website. (2010). Effects of punishment on children. Retrieved from http://www. kidsdevelopment. co. uk/EffectsOfPunishmentOnChildren. html Marvin Marshal. (nd). Discipline need not be stressful, discipline need not be negative. Retrieved from http://www. aboutdiscipline. com/ Pytel, B. (2009). Spanking has negative effects on intelligence. Retrieved from http://educationalissues. suite101. com/article. cfm/spanking_has_negative_effect_on_intelligence

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Concluding Statement?

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Concluding Statement? Do not neglect to mention names of men and women who have contributed to the success of the function. You're taking your audience from one location to another. You make a point, expand on such a point and after that summarise that point now that people have the new information you've given them. Violent shows and movies have a negative effect on the mental health of a normal child, they need to forbid including any kind of violence in the television for the youngest audience. Understanding Concluding Statement Select one social issue and describe where you could start to generate a difference locally. Nobody could hire a productive lawyer for less than $500, or find a productive defense, Stephens explained. A closing statement, though, can be applied in many ways. It must be persuasive, because it is delivered by one who supports a particular side of an argument. A conclusion statement is a significant portion of any bit of writing. A concluding sentence may be used to provide a summary of the key points of the paragraph. A concluding sentence ought to be an overview of the preceding discussion, not incorporate any new info. Writing a concluding sentence can be more challenging than you understand. Writing a great thesis statement involves following the important qualities of a fantastic thesis. Writing a concluding sentence may not arrive as easily because you may think. You must also learn where and how to begin a conclusion for an essay. Writing an essay conclusion might appear an obvious and quick step in the whole essay writing task. What Is So Fascinating About Concluding Statement? It's not surprising then that the rise and development of typographic theory for a subject was led by academics in humanity departments. Four, you would like to prepare an introduction. A number of the recommendations about the token economics have been more troublesome to accept due to our regulatory circumstance. Individual contexts will need to be taken into account for instance, providing both nursing homes and at-home carers. IMF staff analysis suggests that product markets ought to be reformed first seeing as they can deliver the maximum growth gains with significant price bene fits for consumers. To begin with, the effect of IFRS9 standards on banks' investment portfolio needs to be completed. At exactly the same time, it'll be important to get the government's medium-term fiscal targets in order to rebuild room for fiscal maneuver that may be utilised in future downturns. The further investment needed to effectively prevent STDs could possibly be considerable, but it's negligible in comparison with the probable return on the investment. In the event the fact you would like to enhance your conclusion is of such a nature, then you can either add a modest meaningful phrase and cite the source to the entire text being cited so the reader may read the entire text if he or she wishes to or simply state your idea was supported by somebody else and cite the source in brackets. The ability of persuasion and the capacity to deliver a convincing statement is a highly desired and highly effective skill. You've read a case of the potent argument. The widely kno wn trolley problem demonstrates morality for a gradient of values, instead of a binary circumstance. The kind of concluding paragraph will be contingent on the assignment. A closing statement often proves to be absolutely the most dramatic or memorable portion of the legal practice. The conclusions section of a report is just one of the most crucial pieces and, alongside the introduction, among the last to be written. Whatever it's that you've been explaining in the human body and introduction, you should restate all that briefly. Concluding Statement - Overview The key goals are to produce the site appear easy and uncluttered and to deliver information our readers will enjoy and appreciate. A lot of them face writer's block initially. There's a need to develop and deliver layouts which are easy on the eyes and make people wish to keep reading and keep engaged. Failing to realize that it's utilised to close the last thoughts on a subject is a typical mistake many writers m ake. You are able to create a paragraph that will summarize the full essay for those readers. You will need to give your reader the last comment about the whole topic you've been discussing. Speaking of narrative essays, you want to stay in mind that you're telling a story. Conclusion statements have to be written in such a manner they deliver the principal message of the content to the reader. The Fundamentals of Concluding Statement Revealed Continue the conclusion by indicating that you want to be interviewed. There are three sorts of irony. The variability of effects made by genetic changes makes it challenging to conduct an exhaustive evaluation of advantages and dangers. A change in the plan of policies is necessary to lower the chance of some other boom-bust scenario. The conclusion isn't where to add new material. The principal idea should stay exactly the same during the whole paper. You must also restate the thesis and bring your primary concept to the stage. On the bright side, you always have the option to find an entire selection of essay conclusion examples online.

Taking a Look at Schizophrenia - 1626 Words

Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies the disorder as the 7th greatest cause of disability in terms of disability-adjusted life-years worldwide affecting about 24 million people worldwide (Frangou, 2008). Many individuals around the world are affected by this disorder directly and indirectly. This paper looks at Schizophrenia assessing its epidemiology, history, diagnosis, symptoms, causes, and treatment drawing support from relevant sources. The term Schizophrenia is derived from two Greek words, skhizein meaning â€Å"to split† and phren meaning â€Å"mind† hence the common misconception that the disorder equates to split personality. The disorder can also be traced to Egypt in second millennium before Christ. However, these ancient understanding of this disorder are nothing close to the modern understanding of schizophrenia (Delisi, 2008). In fact, during that time, there were no unique factors that would differentiate schizophrenia from other psychotic disorders. Such psychotic and mental disorders were all grouped as one and were thought to be caused by possession by evil spirits. The modern understanding of the disorder came about at the beginning of the 20th century (NIMH, 2014). Dr. Emile Kraeplin was the first to classify the symptoms that are currently associated with schizophrenia as a unique disorder in 1887. However, he used the term dementia praecox rather than schizophrenia. He identified two forms ofShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Schizophrenia793 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Æ' Schizophrenia is a disorder that has an effect on about 25 million people around the world (Myers, 2010). Schizophrenia is a brain damage, naturally created by the human body, that is caused by the genetically determined vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier (Voronov, 2013). This psychiatric disorder, like most others, is characterized by changes in behavior, thinking, reduced ability to feel normal emotions, and mood (Abad et al., 2011). The unique thing about schizophrenia is that the symptomsRead MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia650 Words   |  3 Pagesworld’s population has the acute mental disorder of Schizophrenia (World). It is one of the most common mental disorders in the world (World). Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by disordered thinking, delusions, hallucinations, emotional disturbance, withdrawing from reality (Gale), and thinking illogical, confused patterns (World). The disease causes impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviors in patien ts (Gale). The word Schizophrenia is a Greek meaning for a â€Å"splitting of the mind†,Read MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia997 Words   |  4 Pagesrespectively. However, the more common symptoms of schizophrenia are hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thought. 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People with Schizophrenia hear voices in their head that arent really there. People affected with this disease may be paranoid because they believe people are reading their minds, controlling what they think, or plotting to hurt them. Schizophrenics may not make sense when they talk or seem crazy to people around them. They can sit still for hours without moving a nd you really cant tellRead MoreMental Health And Mental Illness1314 Words   |  6 Pagesthings such as anxiety and shock. Thus, this essay was based on a case study; it will look at the meaning of mental health and mental illness in relation to Schizophrenia. Also, it will look at the causes and the functional difficulties associated with Schizophrenia. Furthermore, it will reflect on the impacts of a diagnosis of mental illness on individual and in general and particularly in relation to Schizophrenia. Finally, it will discuss the type of support and treatment that might be effectiveRead MoreThe Biological And Psychological Explanations Of Schizophrenia1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will try to explain schizophrenia and talk about the main biological and psychological explanations, also showing how similar and different they are. Schizophrenia is defined in the oxford dictionary as a long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between t hought, emotion, and behaviour, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental